Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses: factors associated with dependency syndrome

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Wald chi ²

p value

Wald chi ²

Age 16-20

1

1

Age 21-25

1.65 (1.11-2.48)

0.014

2.45

1.76 (1.06-2.91)

0.03

2.21

Age 26-30

2.01 (1.25-3.23)

0.004

2.89

0.87 (0.45-1.69)

0.68

-0.41

Age 31-35

6.52 (3.43-12.39)

< 0.001

5.72

1.16 (0.37-3.64)

0.79

0.26

< 10 years

1

1

10-12 years

1.11(0.68-1.81)

0.68

0.41

0.91 (0.52-1.60)

0.75

-0.32

> 12 years

1.07 (0.63-1.81)

0.81

0.24

0.91 (0.50-1.67)

0.76

-0.30

Absent

1

1

Present

2.29 (1.57-3.37)

< 0.001

4.26

2.36 (1.39-4.01)

0.002

3.16

< 6 years

1

1

6-10 years

2.87 (1.90-4.33)

< 0.001

5.02

3.62 (2.16-6.07)

< 0.001

4.89

> 10 years

5.88 (2.91-11.91)

< 0.001

4.92

7.18 (2.08-24.82)

0.002

3.12

Areca only

1

1

Areca with tobacco additives

1.74 (1.18-2.56)

0.005

2.82

2.17 (1.39-3.40)

0.001

3.4

Smokers only

4.31 (2.76-6.73)

< 0.001

6.44

7.87 (4.70-13.15)

< 0.001

7.87