Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the buprenorphine, levomethadone and methadone groups according to age, gender, consumption frequency, and reasons for use
Buprenorphine (n = 219) | Levomethadone (n = 79) | Methadone (n = 297) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, M (SD) | 34.41 (7.92) | 37.18 (9.60) | 35.13 (8.59) |
Gender, % male | 90.4 | 69.6 | 81.1 |
Consumption days within past month, M (SD) | 23.27 (10.35) | 28.58 (6.13) | 28.00 (6.13) |
Reasons for use, % | |||
To sedate | 50.9 | 55.7 | 54.9 |
To induce euphoria | 8.9 | 5.1 | 9.1 |
To relieve anxiety | 18.6 | 21.5 | 20.6 |
To avoid withdrawal symptoms | 89.4 | 97.5 | 97.0 |
To stimulate/arouse | 6.5 | 5.1 | 9.9 |
To relieve pain | 5.1 | 7.6 | 10.2 |
As a cognitive enhancer | 3.7 | 5.1 | 7.2 |
To modulate the effects of other substances | 8.4 | 24.1 | 16.4 |
To enhance/brighten mood | 35.0 | 19.0 | 30.3 |