From: Groin injecting among a community-recruited sample of people who inject drugs in Thailand
Groin injection in the last six months n (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Yes 150 (34.3%) | No 287 (65.7%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p |
Median age | ||||
≥ 38 years | 80 (53.3) | 151 (52.6) | 1.03 (0.69 – 1.53) | 0.89 |
< 38 years | 70 (46.7) | 136 (47.4) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 119 (79.3) | 232 (80.8) | 0.91 (0.56 – 1.49) | 0.71 |
Female | 31 (20.7) | 55 (19.2) | ||
Education level | ||||
≥ Secondary education | 105 (70.0) | 161 (56.1) | 1.83 (1.20 – 2.78) | <0.01 |
< Secondary education | 45 (30.0) | 126 (43.9) | ||
Heroin injection* | ||||
> Weekly | 41 (27.3) | 54 (18.8) | 1.83 (1.09 – 3.08) | 0.02 |
≤ Weekly | 58 (38.7) | 110 (38.3) | 1.27 (0.81 – 2.01) | 0.30 |
nNone | 51 (34.0) | 123 (42.9) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Midazolam injection* | ||||
> Weekly | 127 (84.7) | 113 (39.4) | 10.93 (5.59 – 21.37) | <0.01 |
≤ Weekly | 12 (8.0) | 67 (23.3) | 1.74 (0.73 – 4.17) | 0.02 |
None | 11 (7.3) | 107 (37.3) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Methamphetamine injection* | ||||
> Weekly | 29 (19.3) | 59 (20.6) | 0.79 (0.47 – 1.33) | 0.38 |
≤ Weekly | 30 (20.0) | 81 (28.2) | 0.60 (0.37 – 0.98) | 0.04 |
None | 91 (60.7) | 147 (51.2) | 1.00 (reference) | |
Length of injecting career | ||||
Median value (years) | 19 | 18 | 1.02 (1.00 – 1.04) | 0.08 |
IQR (years) | 15 – 27 | 14 – 24 | ||
Binge drug use* | ||||
Yes | 59 (39.3) | 73 (25.4) | 1.90 (1.25 – 2.90) | <0.01 |
No | 91 (60.7) | 214 (74.6) | ||
Syringe sharing* | ||||
Yes | 33 (22.0) | 43 (15.0) | 1.60 (0.97 – 2.65) | 0.07 |
No | 117 (78.0) | 244 (85.0) | ||
Inject in public places* | ||||
Yes | 45 (30.0) | 74 (25.8) | 1.23 (0.80 – 1.91) | 0.35 |
No | 105 (70.0) | 213 (74.2) | ||
Non-fatal overdose* | ||||
Yes | 6 (4.0) | 10 (3.5) | 1.15 (0.41 – 3.24) | 0.79 |
No | 144 (96.0) | 277 (96.5) | ||
Need help injecting* | ||||
Yes | 25 (16.7) | 57 (19.9) | 0.81 (0.48 – 1.35) | 0.42 |
No | 125 (83.3) | 230 (80.1) | ||
Injected with others* | ||||
> 75% of the time | 57 (38.0) | 113 (39.4) | 0.94 (0.63 – 1.42) | 0.78 |
≤ 75% of the time | 93 (62.0) | 174 (60.6) | ||
Barriers to accessing health services | ||||
Any | 118 (78.7) | 204 (71.1) | 1.50 (0.94 – 2.39) | 0.09 |
None | 32 (21.3) | 83 (28.9) | ||
Drug planting by police | ||||
Yes | 84 (56.0) | 107 (37.3) | 2.14 (1.43 – 3.20) | <0.01 |
No | 66 (44.0) | 180 (62.7) |