DSM-IV-MR-J | All respondents | ARPGers | Sensitivity | Specificity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n=988 | n=78 | ||||
Dimension | Criteria | n (%, CI) | n (%, CI) | ||
1. Preoccupation | Preoccupied with gambling (e.g. thinking about gambling or planning next venture). | 28 (2.8±1.0) | 24 (30.8±10.3) | 0.31 | 0.99 |
2. Tolerance | Needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve the desired excitement. | 45 (4.6±1.3) | 40 (51.3±11.1) | 0.51 | 0.99 |
3. Withdrawal | Restlessness or irritability when attempting to cut down or stop gambling. | 20 (2.0±0.9) | 19 (24.4±9.5) | 0.24 | 0.99 |
4. Loss of control | Often spent much more money on gambling than planned. | 53 (5.4±1.4) | 38 (48.7±11.1) | 0.49 | 0.98 |
5. Escape | Gambles as a way of escaping from problems or relieving dysphoric mood (e.g. feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, depression). | 9 (0.9±0.6) | 8 (10.3±6.8) | 0.10 | 0.99 |
6. Chasing | After losing money gambling, often returns another day in order to get even (“chasing” one’s losses). | 30 (3.0±1.1) | 29 (37.2±10.7) | 0.37 | 0.99 |
7. Lies | Lies to family about gambling behaviour. | 41 (4.1±1.2) | 38 (48.7±11.1) | 0.49 | 0.99 |
8. Illegal acts | Committed unsocial or illegal acts, such as gambling with school dinner or fare money, stealing from home or from outside home. | 115 (11.6±2.0) | 61 (78.2±9.2) | 0.78 | 0.94 |
9. Risked job/education/relationship | Has had arguments with family, friends or others, or truanted from school because of gambling. | 24 (2.4±1.0) | 17 (21.8±9.2) | 0.22 | 0.99 |
Total score* ≥2 | 78 (7.9±1.7) | - | - |