Health and behavioral factors associated with binge drinking among university students in nine ASEAN countries

Table 1 Prevalence of binge drinking among male and female university students from nine countries in ASEAN

Country		Total sample			Male			Female
Country		Binge drinking			Binge drinking			Binge drinking
	Total	Never	Infrequent	Frequent	Never	Infrequent	Frequent	Never	Infrequent	Frequent	χ² (df)	P-value
Cambodia^a	1357	91.7	4.3	4.1	85.1	7.4	7.5	99.5	1.0	0.4	80.6 (2)	<0.001
Indonesia^a	981	98.5	0.8	0.7	96.9	1.7	1.4	99.1	0.4	0.4	70.1 (2)	0.023
Laos^a	806	44.9	30.6	24.4	22.7	31.1	46.2	56.3	30.4	13.3	125.0 (2)	<0.001
Malaysia^b	1023	97.7	2.1	0.3	96.8	3.0	0.2	98.5	1.2	0.4	4.5 (2)	0.105
Myanmar^a	491	90.0	8.6	1.4	80.9	5.8	3.3	96.8	3.2	0.0	35.1 (2)	<0.001
Philippines^a	782	88.7	54.3	6.6	78.6	8.0	13.4	92.3	4.0	3.8	30.1 (2)	<0.001
Singapore^c	894	71.4	22.3	6.4	62.8	28.7	8.5	79.9	15.8	4.3	37.7 (2)	<0.001
Thailand^b	1658	60.9	28.3	10.8	43.2	34.4	22.4	65.0	26.9	8.1	71.8 (2)	<0.001
Vietnam^a	817	93.3	5.3	1.5	88.4	8.9	2.7	98.1	1.7	0.2	30.8 (2)	<0.001
All	8809	80.8	12.8	6.4	75.6	14.3	10.1	83.9	11.9	4.2	138.3 (2)	<0.001

Notes: Infrequent ≤ monthly; Frequent = Monthly/ Weekly/daily or almost daily
Abbreviation: ASEAN association of Southeast Asian Nations; df degree of freedom
^aLower-middle income country; ^bUpper-middle income country; ^cHigh-income country

ISSN: 1747-597X