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Table 3 Factors independently associated with willingness to receive daily supervised buprenorphine injection at the medical center; univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses with OR estimates based on logistic regression analyses (n = 294 participants)

From: Willingness to receive intravenous buprenorphine treatment in opioid-dependent people refractory to oral opioid maintenance treatment: results from a community-based survey in France

   

Univariate analysis

Multiple logistic regression analysis

 

No willingness

Willingnessa

      
 

N (%)

N (%)

OR

[95CI%]

p-value

AOR

[95CI%]

p-value

Questionnaire

 Questionnaire online

50 (30)

32 (25)

1

     

 Questionnaire face-to-face

114 (70)

98 (75)

1.34

[0.80; 2.26]

0.266

   

Gender

 Male

125 (77)

108 (84)

1

     

 Female

37 (23)

21 (16)

0.66

[0.36; 1.19]

0.166

   

Age – yearsb

 Median [IQR]

32 [27–38]

34 [28–41]

1.02

[1.00; 1.05]

0.087

1.04

[1.01; 1.07]

0.014

Stable housing

 No

61 (37)

61 (47)

1

  

1

  

 Yes

103 (63)

68 (53)

0.66

[0.41; 1.05]

0.083

0.61

[0.37; 1.01]

0.053

Employment

 No

115 (71)

87 (69)

1

     

 Yes

47 (29)

39 (30)

1.10

[0.66; 1.82]

0.721

   

Experience of incarceration

 No

103 (64)

74 (58)

1

     

 Yes

58 (36)

53 (42)

1.27

[0.79; 2.05]

0.323

   

Opioid most injectedc

 Buprenorphine

121 (74)

77 (59)

1

  

1

  

 Heroin

15 (9)

25 (19)

2.62

[1.30; 5.28]

0.007

2.94

[1.42; 6.10]

0.004

 Prescription opiatesd

28 (17)

28 (22)

1.57

[0.87; 2.85]

0.138

1.52

[0.83; 2.76]

0.173

Duration of opioid useb

 Median [IQR]

7 [4–10]

6 [3–11]

1.00

[0.96; 1.04]

0.963

   

Main reason for injecting

 To get “high”

24 (17)

22 (22)

1

     

 To avoid withdrawal symptoms or to feel good enough for daily functioning

83 (59)

63 (64)

0.83

[0.43; 1.61]

0.578

   

 Pleasure of the act

33 (24)

14 (14)

0.46

[0.20; 1.08]

0.076

   

Other non-opioid drugs usedc

 No

39 (24)

28 (22)

1

     

 Yes

124 (76)

100 (78)

1.12

[0.65; 1.95]

0.680

   

Alcohol consumptionc

 No

102 (62)

74 (57)

1

     

 Yes

62 (38)

56 (43)

1.24

[0.78; 1.99]

0.360

   

Injection-related complications (0–10)

  ≤ 5 complications

139 (85)

105 (81)

1

     

  > 5 complications

25 (15)

25 (19)

1.32

[0.72; 2.44]

0.367

   

History of overdose

 No

139 (85)

97 (75)

1

     

 Yes

25 (15)

33 (25)

1.89

[1.06; 3.38]

0.031

   

Currently on OMT

 No

25 (15)

24 (18)

1

     

 Yes

139 (85)

106 (82)

0.79

[0.43; 1.47]

0.463

   

Self-reported HCV status

 No

106 (69)

86 (70)

1

     

 Yes

47 (31)

37 (30)

0.97

[0.58; 1.63]

0.909

   
  1. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, IQR Interquartile range, OMT Opioid maintenance treatment
  2. aNumber of participants willing to receive daily supervised IV buprenorphine = 130 (44%);
  3. bin years;
  4. cduring the previous 12 months;
  5. d morphine sulfate, methadone, oxycodone, codeine and others