Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate GEE analyses of factors associated with engaging in nonmedical prescription opioid use among younger participants (n = 405)

Age (per year younger)

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

Any cocaine use^{b, c}

1.31 (0.88–1.95)

Any crack use^{b, c}

1.56 (1.06–2.30)

Any crystal meth use^{b, c}

–

Any heroin use^{b, c}

3.12 (2.08–4.68)

Any non-fatal overdose^{b, c}

1.43 (0.97–2.10)

Binge drug use^{b, c}

1.41 (1.00–1.97)

Caucasian ancestry

–

Difficulty accessing services^{b, d}

1.47 (1.04–2.09)

Drug dealing^b

2.22 (1.58–3.13)

Female

–

Homeless^b

–

Incarceration^b

–

Regular employment^b

–

Sex work^b

–