Table 1 Characteristics of IDU and NIDU Interventions
From: HIV prevention intervention for substance users: a review of the literature
Sample Size | Sociodemographic Characteristics | Intervention Setting | Intervention Type | Theoretical Foundations | Dose/Length | Effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IDU Interventions | |||||||
Copenhaver et al. (2007) [16] | 226 | 51% Male; 68% Caucasian, 18% Black, 13% Hispanic, 1% American Indian | Substance use treatment clinic in CT. (APT Foundation, Inc.) | Group-based | Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model (IMB) | 4 sessions; 50 min per session | Increased HIV risk reduction knowledge, safe sexual behavior knowledge, and motivational outcomes |
Vera et al., (2012) [17] | 584 | 100% female sex workers | Project offices and mobile units in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico | Individual | Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). | 1 session; 60 min | Null effects on sexual risk and drug outcomes for interventions vs. control |
Booth et al. (1998) [14] | 3743 | 71% Male; 37% Black, 34% White, 23% Latino & 6% Native American | Community and project offices | Individual | National AIDS Demonstration Research (NADR) program and Cooperative Agreement (CA) for AIDS Community Based Outreach/Intervention | 2 sessions; length unspecified | Reduced drug injection |
Booth et al. (2011) [15] | 623 | 76% Male; 73% Caucasian, 8% African American, 10% multi-racial and 9% Latino/Hispanic ethnicity | Residential Detoxification Centers | Individual | Counseling and Education Model | Two 30 min sessions & one 45 min session | Decreased days injecting, use of unclean syringes, sharing cottons/cookers/rinse water and sharing the drug solution; but no differences between intervention groups |
Tobin et al. (2011) [17] | 227 | 60% male; 86% African-American, | Group setting within the community | Group-based and Individual | Social Influence Theory | 7 sessions; length unspecified | Decreased use of unclean needle, cooker and cotton for injection and splitting drugs |
Mihailovic et al. (2015) [19] | 227 | 55% male; 85% African-American | Project office in community | Group-based and individual | Informational and counseling model | 7 sessions over 18 months | Increased conversation about HIV prevention among substance users |
Goswami et al. (2014) [20] | 3349 | 100% male; 100% Asian | Medical clinic in two states of India | individual | Integrated Behavioral and Biological Assessment (IBBA) | 2 rounds over 6 years | Increased safe injecting practices and safe sex behavior |
Simmons et al. (2015) [21] | 1123 | 73% male; 27% female | Project offices in Philadelphia and Chiang Mai | Group-based | Educational and counseling model | Session number unspecified; 30 months in length | Decreased injection risk behaviors and increased diffusion of HIV information |
Des Jarlais et al. (2014) [22] | 7132 | 82% male; 19% white; 33% African-American; 48% Hispanic | Beth Israel Medical Center in New York | individual | Educational and counseling model | 1 session; unspecified length | Mostly null effects; decreased unprotected sex |
NIDU Interventions | |||||||
Nydegger et al. (2013) [28] | 143 | 66% male; 45% Hispanic | Court-mandated outpatient drug education classes | Group-based | Implementation Intentions model | 1 session; 60 min | Increased condom use implementation intentions |
Tross et al. (2008) [30] | 384 | 100% female; 58% white, 24% African-American | Substance use treatment facility | Group-based | Safer Sex Skills Building (SSB) model | 5 sessions; 90 min per session | Decreased unprotected vaginal or anal sex occasions |
Calsyn et al. (2013) [23] | 66 | 100% male; 42% African-American; 27% Hispanic; 18% white | Substance use treatment facility | Group-based | Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model | 5 sessions; 90 min per session | Decreased frequency of unprotected sex; reduced number of sexual partners |
Kurtz et al. (2013) [31] | 515 | 100% MSM; 48% white; 26% Hispanic; 21% African-American | Academic--Field offices (2) in South Florida | Group-based and individual | Psychological Empowerment Theory | 4 sessions; 120 min per session | No differences in sexual risk or drug risk behavior between intervention groups |
Mansergh et al. (2010) [24] | 1686 | 100% MSM; 40% white; 31% African-American; 19% Hispanic | Health Centers | Group-based | Cognitive Behavioral model (CBT) | 6 sessions; 120 min per session | Decreased frequency of unprotected sex; reductions in sex while using drugs |
McMahon et al. (2001) [25] | 149 | 100% male; 59% African-American; 33% white | Substance use treatment facility (VA) | Group-based | Cognitive Behavioral Model (CBT) | 4 sessions; 120 min per session | Mostly null effects; increased unprotected sex in the intervention group |
McMahon et al. (2013) [26] | 660 (330 couples) | 50% Male; 50% Female; Women only: 52% Hispanic, 34% African-American | Academic--Field office in South Bronx | Couple-based & individual | NIDA Community-Based Outreach model; Social- Cognitive Theory, Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills model, Stages-of-Change model, Theory of Gender and Power | 2 sessions; length unspecified | Reduced frequency of unprotected sex; reduced numbers of sexual partners; Reduced HIV incidence |
Mimiaga et al. (2012) [27] | 16 | 100% MSM; 62.5% white | Health Center—Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, in Boston, MA. | Individual | Behavioral Activation (BA) model | 10 sessions; 50-min per session | Reduction in frequency of unprotected sex; reductions in frequency of sex while using drugs |
Herrmann et al. (2013) [29] | 56 | 71.5% male; 85.5% white | Academic--Substance use treatment trials | Individual | Not specified | 1 session; 50 min | Increased HIV knowledge |
Surratt et al. (2014) [32] | 597 | 100% female; 100% African-American | Project field office in Miami | Group-based and individual | Strengths-based case management (SBCM) with Professional-Only (PO) or Professional-Peer (PP) | 5 sessions over 8 weeks | Decreased HIV risk behavior and increased service utilization outcomes |