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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Change in psychosocial factors connected to coping after inpatient treatment for substance use disorder: a systematic review

Author(s)

Country

Data period

Sample

Treatment duration

N at base-line

N at follow-up

Loss to follow-up

Follow-up interval

Study details

Andersen (2018) [73]

USA

1999–2000

Imprisoned women with SUD

> 6 months

119

101

16%

12-months post releas

The study examined the effect of social support on treatment outcomes for incarcerated women participating in a SUD treatment programs, which were compared with a lower intensity-program. The experimental program was eligible for inclusion in this review (56% of the total number of participants).

Burling et al. (1994) [78]

USA

1988–1989

Homeless people with SUD

> 100 days

110

79

29%

3, 6, 9, and 12- months post-discharge

The study examined change in factors like housing, employment, substance use and social relations after completed residential SUD treatment for homeless veterans.

Cuskey et al. (1979) [70]

USA

1974–1977

Women with SUD

> 6 months

222

97

56%

6- and 12- months post-discharge

The study described the status at follow-up regarding different psychosocial factors (e.g. criminal activity, employment, substance use) after participation in a residential SUD treatment program for mothers with their children. 31% of the participants had stayed in treatment for more than 3 months and was therefore eligible for inclusion in this review.

Donovan et al. (2001) [72]

USA

1996–1998

Veterans with co-occurring disorders

> 12 weeks

N/A

46

N/A

6- and 12-months post-discharge

The study examined change in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use after participation in SUD treatment for veterans with co-occurring disorders.

Flora & Stalikas (2012) [71]

Greece

2008–2009

People with SUD

> 6 months

157

50

68%

3-months post-discharge

The study explored change in important factors (e.g. mental health, self-efficacy, social support) among patients who had undergone SUD treatment.

Grella & Shi (2011) [76]

USA

1999–2002

People with co-occurring disorders

> 90 days

400

310

23%

6- and 12-months post-admission

The study examined the connection between treatment duration and different psychosocial factors (e.g. psychological distress, arrest) at follow-up in patients with co-occurring disorder undergoing SUD treatment.

Hubbard et al. (2003) [16]

USA

1991–1993

People with SUD

> 3 months

N/A

331

N/A

1- and 5-years post-treatment

The study evaluated the effect on substance use and psychosocial factors in four different SUD treatment modalities. Data from the Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS) and the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS) cohorts were compared. One of the modalities was eligible for inclusion in this review (24% of the total number of participants).

Ludwig et al. (2013) [77]

Switzerland

–

People with SUD

> 4 months

805

415

49%

1-year post-discharge

The study examined psychosocial predictive factors (e.g. mental health, self-efficacy) on substance use at follow-up after SUD treatment.

McGuire et al. (2011) [74]

USA

2002–2005

Homeless veterans with SUD

> 90 days

840

640

24%

1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months post-discharge

The study examined the effect of three SUD and/or psychiatric treatment modalities on psychosocial factors (e.g. employment, housing). Two of the modalities were eligible for inclusion in this review (64% of the total number of participants).

Porowski et al. (2004) [79]

–

1996–2001

Women with SUD

> 6 months

1798

1181

34%

6-months post-discharge

The study summarized pre-post change in psychosocial factors (e.g. mental health, employment, criminal activity, education) and substance use after participation in SUD treatment for women. Participants were recruited from 32 granted projects for woman with SUD.

Soyez et al. (2006) [75]

Belgium

2000–2002

People with SUD

> 12 months

203

124

39%

12 to 18-months post-discharge

The study investigated the effect of social support in SUD treatment on psychosocial factors (e.g. mental health, employment, criminal activity) and substance use. In the study, one experimental group (32% of the total sample) was compared with a control group. The experimental group received a social network intervention in addition to treatment as usual, while the control group received treatment as usual. Both the experiment- and the control group were eligible for inclusion to this review.

Sung & Chu (2011) [83]

USA

1992–1995

Probatio-ners and parolees with SUD

> 6 months

1147

296

74%

12-months post-discharge

The study examined change in employment at follow-up after four different modalities of SUD treatment for probationers and parolees. Data were extracted from the original DATOS cohort. One of the modalities was eligible for inclusion in this review (31% of the total number of participants).

Warren et al. (2007) [80]

USA

1999–2003

People with co-occurring disorders

> 90 days

400

351

12%

6-month post-discharge

The study examined the role of psychosocial factors (e.g. social support, self-efficacy) on mental health and substance use outcomes at follow-up after SUD treatment for patients with co-occurring disorders.

Zhang et al. (2003) [37]

USA

1993–1995

People with SUD

> 90 days

1183

653

45%

11-months post-discharge

The study investigated the relationship between treatment duration and substance use at follow-up after participation in SUD treatment. The data were collected from the TOPS cohort, which studied participants in four different treatment modalities. One of the modalities was eligible for inclusion in this review (30% of the total number of participants).

  1. NA Not Applicable/Not Available