Table 2 Main themes and sub themes

Physical complications from drug withdrawal

Weakness and lethargy

Physical pain

Sexual dysfunction

Insomnia

Psychological burden from drug withdrawal

Temptation

Craving

Inability to bear pressure

Coping with stress

Feelings of frustration

Failure

Adaptation problems to societal norms

Anxiety

Contributing factors from family atmosphere

Rejection by family

Lack of family support

Family conflicts

Divorce

Neglect from family

Addiction in the family

Spousal betrayal

Failure to maintain romantic relationships

Socioeconomic Conditions

Interaction with people with a substance use disorder

Lake of appropriate treatment

Easy access to drugs

Rejection from friends

Unemployment

Poverty

Low cost of drugs

Cultural Factors

Stigmatization

Misconceptions about recreational drug use

Sexual disharmony and power imbalance between treatment provider and client

Discrimination