Table 2 Factors and factor loadings of the Chinese and original versions of the API with EFA

Tolerance^b

1

.590

1

.771

Abstinence^b

1

.494

1

.751

Low resistance to substance use

1

.413

1

.779

Frequent attempts to quit

1

.683

1

.703

Spending too much time to use

1

.642

1

.741

Discontinuing other activities

1

.577

1

.590

Family relationship problems

2

.742

2

.631

Career/educational problems

2

.676

2

.638

Physical health problems

2

.622

2

.678

Psychological problems

2

.729

2

.733

Economic problems

2

.461

2

.534

Problematic relationships with friends and neighbors

2

.372

2

.709

Getting into trouble with substance use

2

.676

2

.654

Legal problems

2

.672

2

.476

Substance use during daytime

2

.512

1

.546

Using the substance when you do not want to

3

.619

3

.643

Family and neighbors are worried about you

2

.372

2

.436

Thinking about substance use

3

.832

3

.699

Craving substance use

3

.871

3

.614

Difficulty controlling the substance use

3

.520

1

.608

Problems associated with substance use

4

.710

4

.611

Considering quitting or decreasing use

4

.767

4

.774

Importance of quitting or decreasing use

4

.769

4

.743

% of variance

52.3

55.299