Table 3 Bivariate analysis of relapse among patients with substance use disorders (N = 391)

Age of the respondents

0.6

  18–30

130

82

212

Ref.

.

  31–40

52

36

88

1.1

(0.6–1.8)

  41–50

35

22

57

0.9

(0.5–1.8)

  51–81

17

17

34

1.5

(0.7–3.2)

Sex

0.9

  Female

37

25

62

Ref.

  Male

197

132

329

0.9

(0.5–1.7)

Marital Status

0.7

  Married/Cohabiting

41

29

70

Ref.

  Single

184

124

308

0.9

(0.5–1.6)

  Separated/Widow/Divorced

9

4

13

0.6

(0.17–2.2)

Level of education

0.1

  Less than secondary

11

10

21

Ref.

  Secondary level

117

92

209

0.8

(0.3–2.1)

  University level

106

55

161

0.5

(0.2–1.4)

Occupation

0.8

  No occupation/agriculture work

60

44

104

Ref.

  Professional

44

31

75

0.9

(0.5–1.7)

  Sales services/ domestic work

15

12

27

1.1

(0.4–2.5)

  Student

115

70

185

0.8

(0.5–1.3)

Religion

0.2

  Catholic

146

86

232

Ref.

  Protestant/Adventist

77

62

139

1.3

(0.8–2.1)

  Muslim

7

3

10

0.7

(0.1–2.8)

  No Religion

4

6

10

2.5

(0.6–9.2)

Residence

0.3

  City of Kigali

186

119

305

Ref.

  Eastern Province

14

12

26

1.3

(0.5 2.9)

  Northern Province

5

1

6

0.3

(0.03–2.7)

  Southern Province

17

9

26

0.8

(0.3–1.9)

  Western Province

4

4

8

1.5

(0.3–6.3)

  Foreigners

8

12

20

2.3

(0.9–5.9)

Parental status

0.01**

  All alive

129

78

207

Ref.

  No Parents

59

32

91

0.8

(0.5–1.4)

  Only mother alive

37

39

76

1.7

(1.02–2.9)

  Only father alive

9

8

17

1.4

(0.5–3.9)

Hospitalization time

0.01**

  Between three and twelve months

1

6

7

Ref.

  Between one and three months

233

151

384

9.2

(1.1–77.6)

Number different substances used

0.008**

  One substance

73

62

135

Ref.

  Two/three substances

141

71

212

0.5

(0.3–0.9)

  Four substances and above

20

24

44

1.4

(0.7–2.7)

Peer group pressure

< 0.001*

  No

31

43

74

Ref.

  Yes

203

114

317

0.4

(0.2–0.6)

Accessibility

0.07

  No

62

55

117

Ref.

  Yes

172

102

274

0.6

(0.4–1.03)

Type of accessibility

0.03**

  None

62

55

117

Ref.

  Geographical/financial accessibility

136

79

215

0.6

(0.4–1.03)

  Geographical accessibility

35

18

53

0.5

(0.2–1.1)

  Financial accessibility

1

5

6

5.6

(0.6–49.7)

Stressful influence

< 0.001*

  No

28

66

94

Ref.

  Yes

206

91

297

0.1

(0.1–0.3)

Social problems (stress)

< 0.001*

  None

28

66

94

Ref.

  Poverty

30

22

52

0.3

(0.1–0.6)

  Family conflict

124

29

153

2.1

(1.1–7.1)

  Inoccupation

48

33

81

0.2

(0.1–0.5)

  Others

4

7

11

0.7

(0.2–2.7)

Psychiatric illness

0.3

  No

191

131

322

Ref.

  Yes

43

26

69

0.9

(0.5–1.6)

Medical condition

0.8

  No

226

151

377

Ref.

  Yes

8

6

14

1.1

(0.3–3.3)

Type of medical condition

0.9

  None

226

151

377

Ref.

  Chronic diseases

6

5

11

1.2

(0.3–4.1)

  Acute diseases

2

1

3

0.7

(0.1–8.3)