Skip to main content

Table 3 Education on assessment, evaluation, and treatment

From: HealthCare educational differences in pain management, adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to substance use disorder education

Are students trained/educated/taught…

Medicine

N (%)

APRN

N (%)

Physician Assistant

N (%)

Pharmacy

N (%)

Dentistry

N (%)

Optometry

N (%)

To evaluate a patient using interviewing techniques such as motivational interviewing?

5 (71.4%)

4 (66.7%)

7 (87.5%)

6 (85.7%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

To evaluate a patient’s risk of medication abuse based on:

 Age?

4 (57.1%)

4 (66.7%)

7 (87.5%)

2 (28.6%)

1 (50%)

--

 Culture?

1 (14.3%)

2 (33.3%)

4 (50%)

2 (28.6%)

--

--

 Gender?

3 (42.9%)

2 (33.3%)

5 (62.5%)

2 (28.6%)

--

--

 Disease history?

6 (85.7%)

5 (83.3%)

7 (87.5%)

4 (57.1%)

1 (50%)

--

How to search for a patient history of pain medication usage using Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs such as OARRS?

6 (85.7%)

3 (50%)

7 (87.5%)

5 (71.4%)

1 (50%)

1 (100%)

On the best practice methods to initiate and manage substance use disorder treatment?

5 (71.4%)

5 (83.3%)

8 (100%)

5 (71.4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

In encounters involving high risk patients?a

6 (85.7%)

3 (50%)

4 (50%)

3 (42.9%)

1 (50%)

0 (0%)

In methods to safely taper pain medications?

5 (71.4%)

3 (50%)

6 (75%)

6 (85.7%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

How to support patients to avoid drug misuse?

5 (71.4%)

4 (66.7%)

7 (87.5%)

4 (57.1%)

1 (50%)

0 (0%)

How to support patients to avoid drug relapse?

3 (42.9%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (62.5%)

1 (14.3%)

1 (50%)

0 (0%)

On the steps to take when a patient has overdosed?

5 (71.4%)

4 (66.7%)

8 (100%)

6 (85.7%)

1 (50%)

0 (0%)

How to restart therapy after a relapse?

3 (42.9%)

0 (0%)

4 (50%)

3 (42.9%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

How to restart therapy after an overdose?

2 (28.6%)

0 (0%)

4 (50%)

2 (28.6%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

About the signs of substance misuse in chronic pain patient populations?

5 (71.4%)

4 (66.7%)

8 (100%)

6 (85.7%)

1 (50%)

1 (100%)

  1. a (High risk patients, according to the CDC< are those who exhibit some or all of the following: a past history of overdose, a history of substance use disorder, high opioid dosages (>50 MME/day), and concurrent benzodiazepine use.)